Types of Hearing Loss
Hearing loss is classified as conductive, sensory, neural, or central depending on the location of the defect within the hearing mechanism.
Conductive Hearing Loss
Conductive hearing loss occurs when sound fails to transmit through the outer or middle ear.

Some common causes of a conductive loss include:
- Impacted earwax
- Perforated eardrum
- Middle ear fluid
- Middle ear infections
- Abnormalities involving the middle ear bones
Sensory Hearing Loss

Sensory hearing loss occurs when there is damage to the receptor hair cells in the inner ear, or "cochlea." When these cells are healthy, they increase the loudness of sound, contribute to the clarity of speech, allow for a separation of speech and noise, and help prevent loud sounds from becoming uncomfortable. A sensory hearing loss results in a loss of loudness, difficulty with speech clarity, trouble separating speech from background noise, and increased sensitivity to loud noises. Sensory hearing losses often are the result of:
- Heredity
- Aging
- Noise exposure
- Certain illnesses
- Some medications
Medical/Surgical Intervention
Conductive hearing loss causes a reduction in the loudness of sound and are often medically or surgically correctible. Hearing aids can be helpful in cases where medical or surgical intervention is not preferred.
Sensory hearing losses typically are not medically or surgically correctible and are often treated with hearing aids and other assistive devices. Cochlear implants can be used in cases of severe to profound sensory hearing loss. This type is often mistakenly labeled as “nerve loss” and is the most common type of hearing loss.